logo-plan_estudios

Bachelor's degree in Agri-food and Biological Systems Engineering

Study Programme

Course 2023-24



Title mentions


The title, which is taught in person, has two mentions:
  • Mention in Horticulture and Gardening (M.H.J.)
  • Mention in Agri-Food Industries (M.I.A.)

EUR-ACE Seal

Code

Subject Group

Group Responsible Lecturer

Course
Unit

Type

Duration

ECTS

518101001

MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
Language: Castellano

Busquier Sáez, Sonia G1

BS

A

9

518101001

MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
Language: Castellano

Busquier Sáez, Sonia G1

ES

BS

A

9

518101002

CHEMISTRY
Language: Castellano

Fernández López, José Antonio G1

BS

A

7,5

518101002

CHEMISTRY
Language: Castellano

Fernández López, José Antonio G1

ES

BS

A

7,5

518101004

GRAPHIC EXPRESSION
Language: Castellano

García Fernández Pacheco, Daniel G1

BS

C1

6

518101004

GRAPHIC EXPRESSION
Language: Castellano

García Fernández Pacheco, Daniel G1

ES

BS

C1

6

518101005

BIOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Munuera Giner, Manuel G1

BS

C1

6

518101005

BIOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Munuera Giner, Manuel G1

ES

BS

C1

6

518101006

GEOLOGY, SOIL SCIENCE AND CLIMATOLOGY
Language: Castellano

García Fernández, Gregorio G1

BS

C1

6

518101006

GEOLOGY, SOIL SCIENCE AND CLIMATOLOGY
Language: Castellano

García Fernández, Gregorio G1

ES

BS

C1

6

518101007

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS
Language: Castellano

Angosto Hernández, Carlos G1

BS

C2

6

518101007

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS
Language: Castellano

Angosto Hernández, Carlos G1

ES

BS

C2

6

518101008

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Calderón García, Antonio Asensio G1

BS

C2

6

518101008

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Calderón García, Antonio Asensio G1

ES

BS

C2

6

518101009

GEOMATICS IN AGRONOMY
Language: Castellano

Torres Picazo, Manuel G1

B

C2

6

518101009

GEOMATICS IN AGRONOMY
Language: Castellano

Torres Picazo, Manuel G1

ES

B

C2

6

518101010

PHYSICS I
Language: Castellano

Catalá Galindo, José Damián G1

BS

C1

4,5

518101010

PHYSICS I
Language: Castellano

Catalá Galindo, José Damián G1

ES

BS

C1

4,5

518101011

PHYSICS II
Language: Castellano

Catalá Galindo, José Damián G1

BS

C2

3

518101011

PHYSICS II
Language: Castellano

Catalá Galindo, José Damián G1

ES

BS

C2

3

Code

Subject Group

Group Responsible Lecturer

Course
Unit

Type

Duration

ECTS

518102003

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND CONSTRUCTION
Language: Castellano

Nicolás Cuevas, Juan Antonio G1

B

A

7,5

518102003

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND CONSTRUCTION
Language: Castellano

Nicolás Cuevas, Juan Antonio G1

ES

B

A

7,5

518102004

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Moreno Angosto, José Manuel G1

B

C1

6

518102004

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Moreno Angosto, José Manuel G1

ES

B

C1

6

518102005

ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano / English

Armero Ibáñez, Eva G1 G2

B

C1

6

518102005

ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano / English

Armero Ibáñez, Eva G1 G2

ES

EN

B

C1

6

518102006

APPLIED STATISTICS
Language: Castellano

Crevillén García, David G1

B

C1

4,5

518102006

APPLIED STATISTICS
Language: Castellano

Crevillén García, David G1

ES

B

C1

4,5

518102007

AGRI-FOOD BUSINESS ECONOMICS
Language: Castellano

Sánchez Navarro, Jorge Luis G1

BS

C2

6

518102007

AGRI-FOOD BUSINESS ECONOMICS
Language: Castellano

Sánchez Navarro, Jorge Luis G1

ES

BS

C2

6

518102008

HYDRAULICS
Language: Castellano

Martínez Álvarez, Victoriano G1

B

C2

6

518102008

HYDRAULICS
Language: Castellano

Martínez Álvarez, Victoriano G1

ES

B

C2

6

518102009

ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS
Language: Castellano / English

Acosta Avilés, José Alberto G1 G2

B

C2

4,5

518102009

ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS
Language: Castellano / English

Acosta Avilés, José Alberto G1 G2

ES

EN

B

C2

4,5

518102010

AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Language: Castellano

Gallego Elvira, Belén G1

B

C1

4,5

518102010

AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Language: Castellano

Gallego Elvira, Belén G1

ES

B

C1

4,5

518102011

AGRI-FOOD ELECTROTECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Molina Martínez, José Miguel G1

B

C2

6

518102011

AGRI-FOOD ELECTROTECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Molina Martínez, José Miguel G1

ES

B

C2

6

518102012

PRINCIPLES OF CROP PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano

Pérez Pastor, Alejandro G1

B

C1

6

518102012

PRINCIPLES OF CROP PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano

Pérez Pastor, Alejandro G1

ES

B

C1

6

518102013

AGRICULTURAL BOTANY
Language: Castellano

Martínez Sánchez, Juan José G1

B

C2

3

518102013

AGRICULTURAL BOTANY
Language: Castellano

Martínez Sánchez, Juan José G1

ES

B

C2

3

Code

Subject Group

Group Responsible Lecturer

Course
Unit

Type

Duration

ECTS

518103003

PLANT TECHNLOGY
Language: Castellano

Domingo Miguel, Rafael G1

BHJ

C1

6

518103003

PLANT TECHNLOGY
Language: Castellano

Domingo Miguel, Rafael G1

ES

BHJ

C1

6

518103004

AGRICULTURAL DIAGNOSTIC AND CHEMISTRY
Language: Castellano / English

Álvarez Rogel, José G1

Conesa Alcaraz, Héctor Miguel G2

BHJ

C1

6

518103004

AGRICULTURAL DIAGNOSTIC AND CHEMISTRY
Language: Castellano / English

Álvarez Rogel, José G1

Conesa Alcaraz, Héctor Miguel G2

ES

EN

BHJ

C1

6

518103005

IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE
Language: Castellano / English

Maestre Valero, José Francisco G1 G2

BHJ

C1

6

518103005

IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE
Language: Castellano / English

Maestre Valero, José Francisco G1 G2

ES

EN

BHJ

C1

6

518103006

GENETICS
Language: Castellano

Weiss, Julia Rosl G1

BHJ

C1

3

518103006

GENETICS
Language: Castellano

Weiss, Julia Rosl G1

ES

BHJ

C1

3

518103007

CROP PROTECTION
Language: Castellano

Cifuentes Romo, Dina Carmen G1

BHJ

C2

6

518103007

CROP PROTECTION
Language: Castellano

Cifuentes Romo, Dina Carmen G1

ES

BHJ

C2

6

518103008

HORTICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Vicente Colomer, María José G1

BHJ

C2

6

518103008

HORTICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Vicente Colomer, María José G1

ES

BHJ

C2

6

518103009

PLANT BREEDING
Language: Castellano

Esteva Pascual, Juan G1

BHJ

C2

4,5

518103009

PLANT BREEDING
Language: Castellano

Esteva Pascual, Juan G1

ES

BHJ

C2

4,5

518103010

AGRICULTURAL MARKETNG
Language: Castellano

Arcas Lario, Narciso G1

BHJ

C2

4,5

518103010

AGRICULTURAL MARKETNG
Language: Castellano

Arcas Lario, Narciso G1

ES

BHJ

C2

4,5

518103011

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND POLICY
Language: Castellano / English

Alcón Provencio, Francisco José G1 G2

BHJ

C2

3

518103011

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND POLICY
Language: Castellano / English

Alcón Provencio, Francisco José G1 G2

ES

EN

BHJ

C2

3

518103022

MACHINERY FOR CROP PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano

Martínez Martínez, Silvia G1

BHJ

C1

4,5

518103022

MACHINERY FOR CROP PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano

Martínez Martínez, Silvia G1

ES

BHJ

C1

4,5

518103023

INSTALLATIONS FOR CROP PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano

Martínez Martínez, Silvia G1

BHJ

C2

3

518103023

INSTALLATIONS FOR CROP PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano

Martínez Martínez, Silvia G1

ES

BHJ

C2

3

518103025

GARDENING AND LANDSCAPING
Language: Castellano

Conesa Gallego, Encarnación G1

BHJ

C1

4

518103025

GARDENING AND LANDSCAPING
Language: Castellano

Conesa Gallego, Encarnación G1

ES

BHJ

C1

4

518103026

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURES
Language: Castellano / English

Ochoa Rego, Jesús G1 G2

BHJ

C2

3,5

518103026

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURES
Language: Castellano / English

Ochoa Rego, Jesús G1 G2

ES

EN

BHJ

C2

3,5

Code

Subject Group

Group Responsible Lecturer

Course
Unit

Type

Duration

ECTS

518103012

FOOD QUALITY, SAFETY AND TRAZABILITY
Language: Castellano

Palop Gómez, Alfredo G1

BIA

A

7,5

518103012

FOOD QUALITY, SAFETY AND TRAZABILITY
Language: Castellano

Palop Gómez, Alfredo G1

ES

BIA

A

7,5

518103014

REFRIGERATION AND FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Iguaz Gainza, Asunción G1

BIA

A

7,5

518103014

REFRIGERATION AND FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Iguaz Gainza, Asunción G1

ES

BIA

A

7,5

518103015

AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTIONS
Language: Castellano

Boixader Cambronero, David G1

BIA

C1

4,5

518103015

AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTIONS
Language: Castellano

Boixader Cambronero, David G1

ES

BIA

C1

4,5

518103016

FOOD ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
Language: Castellano

Artés Hernández, Francisco De Asís G1

BIA

C1

6

518103016

FOOD ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
Language: Castellano

Artés Hernández, Francisco De Asís G1

ES

BIA

C1

6

518103017

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Periago Bayonas, Paula María G1

BIA

C1

4,5

518103017

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Periago Bayonas, Paula María G1

ES

BIA

C1

4,5

518103018

AGRI-FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
Language: Castellano

Obón De Castro, José María G1

BIA

C1

4,5

518103018

AGRI-FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
Language: Castellano

Obón De Castro, José María G1

ES

BIA

C1

4,5

518103019

FOOD PROCESSING AND PACKAGING EQUIPMENT
Language: Castellano

Esnoz Nicuesa, Arturo G1

BIA

C2

6

518103019

FOOD PROCESSING AND PACKAGING EQUIPMENT
Language: Castellano

Esnoz Nicuesa, Arturo G1

ES

BIA

C2

6

518103020

TECHNOLOGY OF EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
Language: Castellano

Fernández Trujillo, Juan Pablo G1

BIA

C2

4,5

518103020

TECHNOLOGY OF EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
Language: Castellano

Fernández Trujillo, Juan Pablo G1

ES

BIA

C2

4,5

518103021

AGRI-FOOD MARKETING
Language: Castellano

Arcas Lario, Narciso G1

BIA

C2

4,5

518103021

AGRI-FOOD MARKETING
Language: Castellano

Arcas Lario, Narciso G1

ES

BIA

C2

4,5

518103024

FOOD INSTALLATIONS ENGINEERING
Language: Castellano

Aznar Samper, María Aránzazu G1

BIA

C2

6

518103024

FOOD INSTALLATIONS ENGINEERING
Language: Castellano

Aznar Samper, María Aránzazu G1

ES

BIA

C2

6

518104011

WINE AND FERMENTED PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano / English

Aznar Samper, María Aránzazu G1 G2

BIA

C1

4,5

518104011

WINE AND FERMENTED PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano / English

Aznar Samper, María Aránzazu G1 G2

ES

EN

BIA

C1

4,5

Code

Subject Group

Group Responsible Lecturer

Course
Unit

Type

Duration

ECTS

518104001

ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION AND RESTORATION TECHNIQUES
Language: Castellano / English

Álvarez Rogel, José G1

Conesa Alcaraz, Héctor Miguel G2

BHJ

C1

4,5

518104001

ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION AND RESTORATION TECHNIQUES
Language: Castellano / English

Álvarez Rogel, José G1

Conesa Alcaraz, Héctor Miguel G2

ES

EN

BHJ

C1

4,5

518104002

VEGETABLE CROPS
Language: Castellano / English

Fernández Hernández, Juan Antonio G1 G2

BHJ

C1

6

518104002

VEGETABLE CROPS
Language: Castellano / English

Fernández Hernández, Juan Antonio G1 G2

ES

EN

BHJ

C1

6

518104003

FRUIT TREE TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Esteva Pascual, Juan G1

BHJ

C1

6

518104003

FRUIT TREE TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Esteva Pascual, Juan G1

ES

BHJ

C1

6

518104004

FLORICULTURE
Language: Castellano

Bañón Arias, Sebastián Del Pilar G1

BHJ

C1

6

518104004

FLORICULTURE
Language: Castellano

Bañón Arias, Sebastián Del Pilar G1

ES

BHJ

C1

6

518104005

PROJECTS IN GARDENING AND PLANT PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano

Gómez López, María Dolores G1

BHJ

C1

4,5

518104005

PROJECTS IN GARDENING AND PLANT PRODUCTION
Language: Castellano

Gómez López, María Dolores G1

ES

BHJ

C1

4,5

518104006

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL ASSETS
Language: Castellano

Sánchez Navarro, Jorge Luis G1

BHJ

C1

3

518104006

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL ASSETS
Language: Castellano

Sánchez Navarro, Jorge Luis G1

ES

BHJ

C1

3

518105001

END OF DEGREE PROJECT
Language: Castellano

B

I

12

518105001

END OF DEGREE PROJECT
Language: Castellano

ES

B

I

12

Code

Subject Group

Group Responsible Lecturer

Course
Unit

Type

Duration

ECTS

518104007

JUECES, CANNED AND FROZEN VEGETABLES TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Periago Bayonas, Paula María G1

BIA

C1

6

518104007

JUECES, CANNED AND FROZEN VEGETABLES TECHNOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Periago Bayonas, Paula María G1

ES

BIA

C1

6

518104008

AGRICULTURAL PHYITOPATHOLOGY AND ENTHOMOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Martínez López, Juan Antonio G1

BIA

C1

6

518104008

AGRICULTURAL PHYITOPATHOLOGY AND ENTHOMOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Martínez López, Juan Antonio G1

ES

BIA

C1

6

518104009

POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Language: Castellano / English

Artés Hernández, Francisco De Asís G1

Aguayo Giménez, Encarnación Pilar G2

BIA

C1

6

518104009

POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Language: Castellano / English

Artés Hernández, Francisco De Asís G1

Aguayo Giménez, Encarnación Pilar G2

ES

EN

BIA

C1

6

518104010

PROJECTS OF AGROFOOD PLANTS
Language: Castellano

Gómez López, María Dolores G1

BIA

C1

4,5

518104010

PROJECTS OF AGROFOOD PLANTS
Language: Castellano

Gómez López, María Dolores G1

ES

BIA

C1

4,5

518104012

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF AGRI-FOOD ASSETS
Language: Castellano

Sánchez Navarro, Jorge Luis G1

BIA

C1

3

518104012

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF AGRI-FOOD ASSETS
Language: Castellano

Sánchez Navarro, Jorge Luis G1

ES

BIA

C1

3

518104013

FOOD FACTORIES DESIGN
Language: Castellano

López Gómez, Antonio G1

BIA

C1

4,5

518104013

FOOD FACTORIES DESIGN
Language: Castellano

López Gómez, Antonio G1

ES

BIA

C1

4,5

518105001

END OF DEGREE PROJECT
Language: Castellano

B

I

12

518105001

END OF DEGREE PROJECT
Language: Castellano

ES

B

I

12

Code

Subject Group

Group Responsible Lecturer

Course
Unit

Type

Duration

ECTS

518109001

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Language: English

Ferrer Ayala, María Ángeles G2

OHJ

C2

3

518109001

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Language: English

Ferrer Ayala, María Ángeles G2

EN

OHJ

C2

3

518109002

AGROCHEMICALS DYNAMICS AND RESIDUES
Language: Castellano

Álvarez Rogel, José G1

OHJ

C2

3

518109002

AGROCHEMICALS DYNAMICS AND RESIDUES
Language: Castellano

Álvarez Rogel, José G1

ES

OHJ

C2

3

518109003

GENOMICS
Language: English

Egea Gutiérrez-Cortines, Marcos G2

OHJ

C2

3

518109003

GENOMICS
Language: English

Egea Gutiérrez-Cortines, Marcos G2

EN

OHJ

C2

3

518109005

PEST CONTROL
Language: Castellano

Contreras Gallego, Josefa G1

OHJ

C2

4,5

518109005

PEST CONTROL
Language: Castellano

Contreras Gallego, Josefa G1

ES

OHJ

C2

4,5

518109006

FERTIRRIGATION
Language: Castellano

Pérez Pastor, Alejandro G1

N/A

OHJ

C2

4,5

518109006

FERTIRRIGATION
Language: Castellano

Pérez Pastor, Alejandro G1

N/A

OHJ

C2

4,5

518109007

ORGANIC FARMING
Language: Castellano

Contreras Gallego, Josefa G1

OHJ

C2

4,5

518109007

ORGANIC FARMING
Language: Castellano

Contreras Gallego, Josefa G1

ES

OHJ

C2

4,5

518109009

GREENHOUSE ENGINEERING
Language: Castellano

Acosta Avilés, José Alberto G1

OHJ

C2

4,5

518109009

GREENHOUSE ENGINEERING
Language: Castellano

Acosta Avilés, José Alberto G1

ES

OHJ

C2

4,5

518109032

INTERNSHIPS
Language: Castellano

OHJ

C2

12

518109032

INTERNSHIPS
Language: Castellano

ES

OHJ

C2

12

The student will be able to distribute the 18 ECTS until completing the optional of the Study Plan between:

  • Offer optional subjects (OHJ) Mention in Horticulture and Gardening.

  • External Curricular Practices (maximum 12 ECTS).

  • Recognition for participation in university, cultural, sports, student representation, solidarity and cooperation activities (maximum 6 ECTS).

Code

Subject Group

Group Responsible Lecturer

Course
Unit

Type

Duration

ECTS

518109012

AQUACULTURE AND DERIVED INDUSTRIES
Language: Castellano / English

María Dolores Pedrero, Emilio G1 G2

OIA

C2

3

518109012

AQUACULTURE AND DERIVED INDUSTRIES
Language: Castellano / English

María Dolores Pedrero, Emilio G1 G2

ES

EN

OIA

C2

3

518109014

CROPS FOR INDUSTRY
Language: Castellano

N/A

OIA

C2

3

518109014

CROPS FOR INDUSTRY
Language: Castellano

N/A

OIA

C2

3

518109015

POSTHARVEST PATHOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Martínez López, Juan Antonio G1

OIA

C2

3

518109015

POSTHARVEST PATHOLOGY
Language: Castellano

Martínez López, Juan Antonio G1

ES

OIA

C2

3

518109016

TECHNOLOGY OF MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTOS
Language: Castellano / English

Palop Gómez, Alfredo G1

Periago Bayonas, Paula María G2

OIA

C2

4,5

518109016

TECHNOLOGY OF MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTOS
Language: Castellano / English

Palop Gómez, Alfredo G1

Periago Bayonas, Paula María G2

ES

EN

OIA

C2

4,5

518109017

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ADDITIVES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Language: Castellano / English

Periago Bayonas, Paula María G1 G2

OIA

C2

4,5

518109017

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ADDITIVES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Language: Castellano / English

Periago Bayonas, Paula María G1 G2

ES

EN

OIA

C2

4,5

518109019

EMERGENT TECHNOLOGIES AND CONTROL PROCESSING IN FOOD INDUSTRY
Language: Castellano / English

Aguayo Giménez, Encarnación Pilar G1 G2

OIA

C2

4,5

518109019

EMERGENT TECHNOLOGIES AND CONTROL PROCESSING IN FOOD INDUSTRY
Language: Castellano / English

Aguayo Giménez, Encarnación Pilar G1 G2

ES

EN

OIA

C2

4,5

518109020

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND POLICY
Language: Castellano / English

Alcón Provencio, Francisco José G1 G2

OIA

C2

3

518109020

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND POLICY
Language: Castellano / English

Alcón Provencio, Francisco José G1 G2

ES

EN

OIA

C2

3

518109032

INTERNSHIPS
Language: Castellano

OIA

C2

12

518109032

INTERNSHIPS
Language: Castellano

ES

OIA

C2

12

The student will be able to distribute the 18 ECTS until completing the optional of the Study Plan between:

  • Offer optional subjects (OHJ) Mention in Horticulture and Gardening.

  • External Curricular Practices (maximum 12 ECTS).

  • Recognition for participation in university, cultural, sports, student representation, solidarity and cooperation activities (maximum 6 ECTS).

Final Degree's Project


The Final Degree's Project (TFE) in the degrees adapted to the EEES, is a job that each student must do individually to finish the degree. The normal thing is to consult directly in the departments because there the teachers can offer you detailed information. Next, and whenever the student is enrolled in the TFE, the processing of the Work will begin in the corresponding telematic application through the Service Portal.

Links of interest related to the TFE:


Adaptation tables


If you have completed first or second cycle studies of the degrees prior to the introduction of the degrees, there are adaptation tables for automatic recognition of subjects:

If you have completed undergraduate studies in the process of extinction, there are adaptation tables for automatic recognition of subjects:


List of Abbrevations

  • B: common compulsory subject
  • BHJ: asignatura obligatoria Mención en Hortofruticultura y Jardinería
  • BIA: asignatura obligatoria Mención Grado Industrias Agroalimentarias
  • BS: basic subject
  • OHJ: asignatura optativa Mención Grado Hortofruticultura y Jardinería
  • OIA: asignatura optativa Mención Grado Industrias Agroalimentarias
  • C1: first semester subject
  • C2: second semester subject
  • A: annual subject